1. What's the purpose of the pericardium?
The pericardium surrounds and protects the heart. It also acts as an anchor keeping the heart in the chest cavity. The serous membranes of the pericardium act as lubricant for the heart as well.
2. Observe the blood vessels connecting to the hart. How do arteries differ from veins in their structure?
Arteries have thicker walls in general. Although they cannot be seen, veins contain valves that regulate the flow of blood throughout the vein while arteries do not.
3. What function do you think the auricle serves?
The auricle expands the blood volume capacity of the atria.
4. What differences do you observe between the atria and ventricles?
The atria are much smaller and thinner. The ventricles contain much more muscle and have thicker walls. The atria are located above the ventricles.
5. Use words or pictures to describe each
A. coronary sinus
This is a blood vessel that goes across the back of the heart and connects to the right atrium.
B. inferior vena cava
The inferior vena cava cannot be seen during the heart dissection as it appears to be have cut off when we relieved the heart.
C. tricuspid valve
Contains three flaps that open and close. The valve cusps are connected to the chordate tendinae which connect to the papillary muscles.
6. Draw a picture of the tricuspid valve including the chordate tendinae and the papillary muscles.
7. Why is the anchoring of the valves by the chordate tendinae and the papillary muscle important to heart function?
The anchoring is important so that the valve can function efficiently. The anchoring prevents the valve from flapping around in the blood stream and makes sure the valve stays in place. This will ultimately help make sure the blood does not back flow.
8.
9. What is the function of the semi-lunar valves?
The semi-lunar valves include the aortic and pulmonary semi-lunar valves. The aortic semi-lunar valves regulate the blood flow into the aorta while the pulmonary semi-lunar valve regulates blood flow into the pulmonary trunk.
10. valvular heart disease is when one or more heart valves does not work properly. Improperly functioning heart valves can lead to regurgitation, which is the backflow of blood through a leaky valve. Ultimately this can lead to congestive heart failure, a condition that can be life threatening.
A. If the valve disease occurs on the right side of the heart, it results in swelling in the feet and ankles. Why might this happen?
Because the blood is supposed to leave the feet and ankles and go through the right side of the heart, but with this disease, there is a backflow of blood because the valves are improperly functioning
B. If the valve disease occurs on the left side of the heat what complications would you expect to see?
You would see that you aren’t getting a sufficient enough of blood to the muscles and body
11.
A. entrance to the right and left coronary arteries: they connect to the aorta and they revolve around the back of the heart
B. left aortic semi-lunar valve: looks like a flap
C. chordae tendinae of the bicuspid valve: looks like fibrous and tendon-like chords that connect the valve to the papillary muscle
D. papillary muscle of the bicuspid valve: connects to ventricle, little lump of muscle
bicuspid valve: contains two flaps
12. Describe how the left and right sides of the heart differ from each other.
The left side of the heart tends to contain thicker wall as it is necessarily for this side of the wall to have more cardiac muscle tissue in order to pump blood throughout the body. The right side of the heart does not need to contain much cardiac muscle tissue as it only needs to pump blood to the lungs
13. Draw and label all the structures visible in the interior of the cross section.
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